Study on the Comparison of Three Typical Gas Flow Standards for Calibrating Low Gas Flowmeter

A gas flowmeter for measuring low flow rate has been widely used in the field of medical, health, environmental protection, energy industry, aerospace, etc. To against Covid-2019, the requirement on the low flow rate has been increasing dramatically. At present, the typical standard devices for calibrating low gas flowmeter mainly include standard bell provers of gas flow, standard piston provers of low gas flow and standard laminar of low gas flow. Different measuring principles are adopted among these typical standard devices. To ensure the consistency of these typical standard devices, a comparison test is performed. The standard devices used in the comparison are of the same accuracy grade, with an extended uncertainty of 0.2%(k=2). The piston-type gas flow calibrator of grade 1.0 is selected as the transfer standard, and three flow points with high flow rate, medium flow rate and low flow rate are selected for test. The consistency of measurement results is evaluated by normalized deviation En. The comparison results are acceptable which show that three typical standard devices are accurate and reliable. © FLOMEKO 2022.All rights reserved

A Prediction Model for Spot LNG Prices Based on Machine Learning Algorithms to Reduce Fluctuation Risks in Purchasing Prices

The ongoing Russia–Ukraine conflict has exacerbated the global crisis of natural gas supply, particularly in Europe. During the winter season, major importers of liquefied natural gas (LNG), such as South Korea and Japan, were directly affected by fluctuating spot LNG prices. This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) to predict the Japan Korea Marker (JKM), a spot LNG price index, to reduce price fluctuation risks for LNG importers such as the Korean Gas Corporation (KOGAS). Hence, price prediction models were developed based on long short-term memory (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, which were used for time series data prediction. Eighty-seven variables were collected for JKM prediction, of which eight were selected for modeling. Four scenarios (scenarios A, B, C, and D) were devised and tested to analyze the effect of each variable on the performance of the models. Among the eight variables, JKM, national balancing point (NBP), and Brent price indexes demonstrated the largest effects on the performance of the ML models. In contrast, the variable of LNG import volume in China had the least effect. The LSTM model showed a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.195, making it the best-performing algorithm. However, the LSTM model demonstrated a decreased in performance of at least 57% during the COVID-19 period, which raises concerns regarding the reliability of the test results obtained during that time. The study compared the ML models' prediction performances with those of the traditional statistical model, autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA), to verify their effectiveness. The comparison results showed that the LSTM model's performance deviated by an MAE of 15–22%, which can be attributed to the constraints of the small dataset size and conceptual structural differences between the ML and ARIMA models. However, if a sufficiently large dataset can be secured for training, the ML model is expected to perform better than the ARIMA. Additionally, separate tests were conducted to predict the trends of JKM fluctuations and comprehensively validate the practicality of the ML models. Based on the test results, LSTM model, identified as the optimal ML algorithm, achieved a performance of 53% during the regular period and 57% d during the abnormal period (i.e., COVID-19). Subject matter experts agreed that the performance of the ML models could be improved through additional studies, ultimately reducing the risk of price fluctuations when purchasing spot LNG. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The impact of COVID-19 on academic aeromobility practices: Hypocrisy or moral quandary?

Academics have long regarded air travel as vital to pursuing a successful career. Meanwhile, many academics are at the frontline of climate change science and advocate the urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The conflict between combating global warming and high aeromobility practices traps academics in a loop of hypocrisy. However, COVID-19 presents an opportunity for academics to advance their research and careers with reduced aeromobility. This research investigates how academics have adapted to virtual working experiences during COVID-19 and the implications for establishing changes in aeromobility practices. Informed by the theory of practice change, this paper reports the findings of a comprehensive survey and interview programme in New Zealand. It provides insights into the prospects for reduced aeromobility and the institutional policy frameworks required to embed a new normal, considering the unique circumstances faced by academics working at geographically remote institutions. The findings reveal that instead of being trapped in a loop of hypocrisy, New Zealand academics face a moral quandary in being concerned about climate change and wishing to reduce aeromobility practices, while wanting to avoid compromising career success. Recommendations for academics to face this moral quandary and their institutions to support practice change are proposed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Mobilities is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Medical intensivist directed VV ECMO cannulation for the facilitation of tracheostomy in a patient with severe tracheal stenosis: A case report

Objectives: We present a case report of medical intensivist driven ECMO program using ECMO as a pre-procedural tool to maintain oxygenation in a patient with critical tracheal stenosis during tracheostomy placement. Method(s): VV ECMO is primarily used to support patients when mechanical ventilation is unable to provide adequate gas exchange. Alternatively, it has been used pre-procedurally when intubation is required in anticipation of a difficult airway. Described here is the first intensivist preformed awake VV ECMO cannulation to facilitate tracheostomy in a patient with severe tracheal stenosis. Result(s): The patient is a 41-year-old female with the relevant background of COVID19 pneumonia status post tracheostomy and subsequently decannulated after prolonged intubation and ICU stay. As a result, the patient developed symptomatic tracheal stenosis and presented two years after her ICU stay for scheduled bronchoscopy and balloon dilation. However, the patient developed worsening stridor and shortness of breath requiring heliox and BPAP. After multidisciplinary discussion between the critical care team ENT teams, the decision was made to cannulate for VV ECMO as a pre-procedural maneuver to allow for oxygenation during open tracheostomy in the OR. Dexmedetomidine and local anesthesia were used for the procedure with the patient sitting at 30 degrees on non-invasive ventilation and heliox. The patient was cannulated with a 21F right internal jugular return cannula and 25F right common femoral drainage cannula by medical intensivists in the intensive care unit using ultrasound guidance. The patient went for operative tracheostomy the next day and was subsequently decannulated from ECMO the following day without complication. She was discharged home on trach collar. Conclusion(s): Intensivist performed ECMO cannulation has been shown to be safe and effective. We anticipate the indications and use will continue to expand. This case is an example that intensivist driven preprocedural ECMO is a viable extension of that practice.

Point-of-Care Testing in Primary Care

Point-of-care testing (POCT) in pediatric primary care is essential for clinicians to make a timely and accurate diagnosis. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of timely and accurate testing strategies to correctly identify the etiology of upper and lower respiratory infections. Additionally, pediatric POCT continues to be important in rural and underserved communities where access to hospital laboratories may be less available. This chapter will focus on seven rapid tests: Group A streptococcus (GAS), influenza A & B, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), C-reactive protein (CRP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

New Gas Chromatography Products for 2019–2020

Among Armstrong's many accomplishments is the development of ionic liquid stationary phases for capillary GC. [...]the American Chemical Society Division of Analytical Chemistry Satinder Ahuja New Investigator Award in Separation Science was presented to. Table III provides a listing of accessories and consumables launched over the past year. Besides several short courses associated with Pittcon, additional training and educational resources are available for 2020.

Why China Cannot Decarbonise

[...]it is often argued—as by Yifei Li and Judith Shapiro, for example—that China's dictatorship should be an advantage in this context: ‘Given the limited time that remains to mitigate climate change and protect millions of species from extinction, we need to consider whether a green authoritarianism can show us the way' (Li and Shapiro 2020, quoted from the publisher's book description). Since CCP bosses do not have to contend with public hearings, environmental studies, recalcitrant legislatures, labour unions, a critical press, and so on, Xi should be able to force state-owned polluters to stop polluting or else, and ram through his promised transition to renewable energy (see Smith 2017, 2020c). Climate Action Tracker estimates that in 2021 China's emissions increased by 3.4 per cent to 14.1 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2e)—nearly triple those of the United States (4.9 GtCO2e) with a gross domestic product just three-fourths as large (CAT n.d.;EIA 2022). Since 2019, China's emissions have exceeded those of all developed countries combined and presently account for 33 per cent of total global emissions (Larsen et al. 2021;IEA 2021). In the first half of 2021, rebounding from the first wave of Covid-19, China's carbon dioxide emissions surged past pre-pandemic levels to reach an all-time high 20 per cent increase in the second quarter before dropping back in late 2021 and the first half of 2022 as the real estate collapse, Omicron lockdowns, and drought-induced hydropower reductions slashed economic growth to near zero in the summer (Hancock 2021;Myllyvirta 2022a;Riordan and Hook 2022). China promised to stop building coal-fired power plants abroad, but it is building more than 200 new coal-fired plants at home in a drive to boost economic growth, maintain jobs in coal-dependent regions, and ensure energy self-sufficiency—locking the country into coal reliance for many decades to come, derailing the transition to renewables, and dooming Xi's UN pledge to transition to a green and low-carbon mode of development (Xie 2020).

Ozone use in surface disinfection: an integrative review

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of using ozone to disinfect surfaces based on an integrative literature review.Methods: A search was carried out in the SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct databases. Eleven articles published January 2010 to August 2021 were analyzed. All employed the experimental laboratory research model and achieved different levels of disinfection by O3, however, with varied surfaces and products tested, in addition to different methodological procedures.Results: The majority had an inhibition rate by O3 equal to or greater than 90%, thus proving the effectiveness of this agent as a surface disinfectant, even with variations in parameter values such as concentration and exposure time, in all selected articles, even those that did not prove the effectiveness of O3.Conclusion: This review shows the inhibitory power that O3 has on different pathogens, even if there are variables in the factors used for this purpose, highlighting it in front of other disinfectants. Thus, it corroborates the composition of surface disinfection protocols and decision-making among managers and committees about sanitizing technologies.

Omicron driven ECMO in a vaccinated critically ill patient

Objectives: Reporting a case of a COVID-19 vaccinated patient admitted to our intensive care unit with severe acute respiratory failure due to SARSCoV2 - Omicron variant, rapidly deteriorating requiring intubation, prone ventilation, and ECMO support. Method(s): A 62 years old Caucasian male was admitted in ICU for rapidly deranging respiratory failure and fever which occurred over the previous 24h. The patient received two doses of SARS-CoV2 vaccine (Oxford, AstraZeneca), the last one over five months before onset of symptoms. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with tachypnea, low peripheral saturation (80%), elevated serum creatinine (2.4 mg/dl), and mild obesity (BMI 34,6). Pressure support ventilation trial (2 hours) failed carryng out to orotracheal intubation and protective ventilation. Worsening of respiratory exchanges (5 th day from the admission) required a rescue prone ventilation cycle, in the meantime an indication was given to the placement of veno-venous ECMO. The cannulation site was femoro-femoral and the configuration used was Vivc25- Va21, according to the current ELSO nomenclature;ECMO flow was progressively increased until a peripheral saturation of 95% was obtained. Result(s): The patient passed out after 2 month of extracorporeal support with no sign of recovery of pulmonary and renal function. Conclusion(s): Unlike evidences showing a lower symptomatic engagement of the Omicron variant SARSCoV2 positive patients, we have witnessed a rapid and massive pulmonary involvement. The short time that passed from the onset of symptoms and the rapid decay of respiratory function required rapid escalation of the intensity of care up to extracorporeal support. The patient showed previous pathologies that can lead to suspicion of a loss of immune coverage given by the vaccine, in addition to the long time elapsed since the last dose. (Figure Presented).

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF DISCARDED COVID-19 MASKS OVER SEPIOLITE

This research aims to develop a new strategy to valorize wasted COVID-19 masks based on pyrolysis to convert them into useful products. First, surgical and FFP2 masks were thermally pyrolyzed at temperatures of 450–550 ºC with the purpose of determining gas, liquid (oil) and solid (char) yields. At low temperatures, solid yield was high, while at high temperatures the gas product was enhanced. The highest yield of liquid was found at an operating temperature of 500 ºC in both surgical and FPP2 masks pyrolysis. The liquid product yields were 59.08% and 58.86%, respectively. Then, the volatiles generated during thermal pyrolysis of residual masks were cracked over sepiolite as catalyst at a temperature of 500 ºC. The catalytic pyrolysis increased the yield of gas product (43.89% against 39.52% for surgical masks and 50.53% against 39.41% for FFP2 masks) and decreased the viscosity of the liquid product. Finally, the effect of sepiolite regeneration and reuse in consecutive pyrolysis tests was examined. Results showed that, with the higher regeneration-reuse of sepiolite, the catalyst was degraded obtaining a liquid product with higher molecular mass. This effect was hardly noticeable in the case of FFP2 masks. © 2022 International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved.

Can We Detect Urban‐Scale CO2 Emission Changes Within Medium‐Sized Cities?

The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a widespread lockdown during the spring of 2020. Measurements collected on a light rail system in the Salt Lake Valley (SLV), combined with observations from the Utah Urban Carbon Dioxide Network observed a notable decrease in urban CO2 concentrations during the spring of 2020 relative to previous years. These decreases coincided with a ∼30% reduction in average traffic volume. CO2 measurements across the SLV were used within a Bayesian inverse model to spatially allocate anthropogenic emission reductions for the first COVID‐19 lockdown. The inverse model was first used to constrain anthropogenic emissions for the previous year (2019) to provide the best possible estimate of emissions for 2020, before accounting for emission reductions observed during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The posterior emissions for 2019 were then used as the prior emission estimate for the 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown analysis. Results from the inverse analysis suggest that the SLV observed a 20% decrease in afternoon CO2 emissions from March to April 2020 (−90.5 tC hr−1). The largest reductions in CO2 emissions were centered over the northern part of the valley (downtown Salt Lake City), near major roadways, and potentially at industrial point sources. These results demonstrate that CO2 monitoring networks can track reductions in CO2 emissions even in medium‐sized cities like Salt Lake City.Alternate :Plain Language SummaryHigh‐density measurements of CO2 were combined with a statistical model to estimate emission reductions across Salt Lake City during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Reduced traffic throughout the COVID‐19 lockdown was likely the primary driver behind lower CO2 emissions in Salt Lake City. There was also evidence that industrial‐based emission sources may of had an observable decrease in CO2 emissions during the lockdown. Finally, this analysis suggests that high‐density CO2 monitoring networks could be used to track progress toward decarbonization in the future.

[Evolucion de marcadores de laboratorio en pacientes con deteccion persistente de SARS-CoV-2.]

OBJECTIVE: The study of the evolution of certain biomarkers in patients with persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 could determine the profile of the pathology that these patients may suffer. The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of different laboratory markers in patients with persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2, and determining these parameters were into reference values. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: the control group (G0) included patients with a positive direct test for SARS-CoV-2 followed by 2 negative, while the problem group (G1) included patients with at least 3 consecutive positive tests. The time between consecutive samples was five to twenty days, and only patients with negative serology were included. Demographic data, comorbidities, symptoms, radiology and hospitalization were collected, as well as data from analytic and blood gases. The comparison between the study groups was realized using the t-student and U Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables, and the chi2 test for qualitative variables. Results with p<0.05 were taken as significant. RESULTS: Ninety patients were included, thirty-eight in G0 and fifty-two in G1. D-dimer decreased 10.20 times more in G0 patients, and normal levels of this parameter at t1 were 1.46 times more frequent in these patients. The percentage of lymphocytes increased sixteen times more in G0, and the normal values in t1 were 10.40 times more common in these patients. C-reactive protein decreased significantly in both groups, and lactate increased more in G1 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggest that some biomarkers evolve differently in patients with persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2, which may have significant clinical impact. This information could help to determine the main organs or systems affected, allowing to anticipate socio-sanitary measures to prevent or compensate these alterations.

Early prone positioning under VV-ECMO in SARS- CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome - a retrospective cohort study

Objectives: The effectiveness of prone positioning (PP) under VV-ECMO for severe COVID-19 still be unclear. Until now, PP under VV-ECMO was often performed as the trump card for refractory hypoxemia and weaning off ECMO. On the other hand, PP has the effect of promoting homogenization of Lung aeration and leading to prevention of VILI. Combine use of early prone positioning together VV-ECMO may have synergy effects of ultra-lung protective strategy. In this study, we analyzed early PP cases under VV-ECMO for severe COVID-19 in our hospital and examined their efficacy and feasibility. Method(s): We performed a retrospective study of patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS submitted to early PP during VV-ECMO. During VVECMO, PP was considered in case of "Type-H transition in imaging findings (CT / LUS) " and cases that the physician deemed necessary. The lung aeration is evaluated by LUS before and after each PP. If there is a finding that the dorsal collapsed lung is improved through PP, it is implemented as effective, and it continued. Result(s): From April 2021 to August 2021, there were a total of 10 early PP cases under ECMO, and the age was (average) 56 years. ECMO was implanted with P/F 98 and Murray score 3.3 points, and PP was started 14 hours after the ECMO implantation. The average PP duration is 17.4 hours and PP performed 5.8 times per patient. Comparing blood gas and respiratory mechanics before and after PP showed a significant difference in PaCO2 (before: 46 +/- 8 vs after: 42 +/- 9, p = 0.02). Finally, there were 10 ECMO successful weaning (100%) and 8 surviving discharges (80%). No major complications were observed. Conclusion(s): Early PP under VV-ECMO for severe COVID-19 can be safely performed, and it is suggested that the synergy effect of ultra-lung protective strategy may be associated with a reduction of hospital mortality.

Managing Severe Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Pregnancy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report from a Resource-limited Setting

BACKGROUND: One-third of pregnant women will experience worsening asthma requiring emergency hospitalization. However, no report comprehensively discussed the management of asthma attacks in pregnant women in impoverished settings. We attempt to illuminate what general practitioners can do to stabilize and improve the outcome of severe acute asthma exacerbations in primary care with resource limitations. CASE REPORT: A nulliparous 29-year-old woman in her 21st week of pregnancy presented severe acute asthma exacerbation in moderate persistent asthma with uncontrolled asthma status along with gestational hypertension, uncompensated metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap, anemia, respiratory infection, and asymptomatic bacteriuria, all of which influenced her exacerbations. This patient was admitted to our resource-limited subdistrict hospital in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic for optimal stabilization. Crystalloid infusions, oxygen supplementation, nebulized beta-agonist with anticholinergic agents, inhaled corticosteroids, intravenous methylprednisolone, broad-spectrum antibiotics, subcutaneous terbutaline, mucolytics, magnesium sulphate, oral antihypertensives, and continuous positive airway pressure were used to treat her life-threatening asthma. After she was stabilized, we referred the patient to a higher-level hospital with more advanced pulmonary management under the supervision of a multidisciplinary team to anticipate the worst scenario of pregnancy termination. CONCLUSION(S): Limitations in primary care, including the lack of sophisticated intensive care units and laboratory panels, may complicate challenges in managing severe acute asthma exacerbation during pregnancy. To enhance maternal-fetal outcomes, all multidisciplinary team members should be well-informed about key asthma management strategies during pregnancy using evidence-based guidelines regarding the drug, rationale, and safety profile.Copyright © 2023 Muhammad Habiburrahman, Triya Damayanti, Mohammad Adya Firmansha Dilmy, Hariyono Winarto.

Helping Hands

Introduction: We work in a large, tertiary Teaching Hospital Critical Care unit. As such we have a sizeable and diverse workforce from multiple professional backgrounds. We noted both anecdotally, and from the formal process of Exit Interviews that the changes imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic were impacting on team relationships. Physical barriers enforced by social distancing, as well as the burden of increased patient numbers and changes to job roles had driven apart nursing and medical teams. Critical care appeals to many staff because of the MDT and the chance to work with highly qualified, ambitious colleagues with varying skill sets. Nurturing this positive working relationship between different teams requires a commitment from all to share the burden of increased pressures wherever possible. Objective(s): The aims for this project are to identify specific areas within the working relationship between the medical team and the nursing team that can be improved. More than this, we want to open wider conversation about how teams can work more collaboratively for the benefit of the working environment, staff mental health and ultimately the patient. Method(s): We created an e-survey with input from the critical care matrons and psychologists before distributing amongst nursing staff. Questions focused on communication, practical support and the general working relationship. Each section contained MCQ's and white space questions to allow us to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Following collection of responses we identified common themes that could be addressed and created an eye-catching poster with specific suggestions for the medical team. Result(s): Communication: Common themes were more presence on the unit with more regular walk-rounds and that STAT medications are often prescribed but not communicated to the nurse at the bedside and are therefore delayed. Practical support: Common suggestions were helping with repositioning patients and relieving breaks. Others included, pulling blood gases, printing off blood request forms and working in pairs for lines so that the nurse doesn't have to be engaged. Working relationship: suggestions mainly focused around introducing ourselves and level of training as well as social integration of the two teams. A few said that improving the communication and assisting with tasks would feed into improving the relationship. A few also said that the survey itself was a good start. Discussion(s): The survey generated many useful suggestions as well as demonstrating an open and receptive attitude. Responses were used to create a poster that gives clear and practical advice to the medical team. This method is easily reproducible and we believe that we have already seen positive changes that have been widely well received. We plan also to send a follow up survey once changes have become ingrained into the culture of the workforce. Acknowledgements Matthew Powell Jane Atkins Nathan Shearman Helen Horton.

Challenges in the construction of a tunnel under crossing a channel in Singapore

To increase the conveyance capacity to Western Singapore and to meet long-term water needs in a more cost-effective manner, four new transmission pipelines consisting of 2 numbers of 2200 mm diameter and 2 numbers of 1200mm diameter water pipes will be needed by 2024 to convey water from a Water Reclamation Plant to existing networks in the western region of Singapore. Out of the several possible routes studied, the most cost-effective and technically feasible route was selected by laying the proposed 1.6km-long pipelines that under crosses a channel via a 6m diameter subsea tunnel. This paper outlines the challenges the team faced throughout the project thus far. It also examines the difficulties such as the construction of a 56m-deep launching shaft near a highly sensitive 700mm diameter Gas Transmission Pipeline (GTP) and at a location with high groundwater;and manpower and supply disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. © 2023 The Author(s).

Quantification of oil and gas methane emissions in the Delaware and Marcellus basins using a network of continuous tower-based measurements

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), emissions from oil and gas infrastructure contribute 30 % of all anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions in the US. Studies in the last decade have shown emissions from this sector to be substantially larger than bottom-up assessments, including the EPA inventory, highlighting both the increased importance of methane emissions from the oil and gas sector in terms of their overall climatological impact and the need for independent monitoring of these emissions. In this study we present continuous monitoring of regional methane emissions from two oil and gas basins using tower-based observing networks. Continuous methane measurements were taken at four tower sites in the northeastern Marcellus basin from May 2015 through December 2016 and five tower sites in the Delaware basin in the western Permian from March 2020 through April 2022. These measurements, an atmospheric transport model, and prior emission fields are combined using an atmospheric inversion to estimate monthly methane emissions in the two regions. This study finds the mean overall emission rate from the Delaware basin during the measurement period to be 146–210 Mg CH4 h-1 (energy-normalized loss rate of 1.1 %–1.5 %, gas-normalized rate of 2.5 %–3.5 %). Strong temporal variability in the emissions was present, with the lowest emission rates occurring during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a synthetic model–data experiment performed using the Delaware tower network shows that the presence of intermittent sources is not a significant source of uncertainty in monthly quantification of the mean emission rate. In the Marcellus, this study finds the overall mean emission rate to be 19–28 Mg CH4 h-1 (gas-normalized loss rate of 0.30 %–0.45 %), with relative consistency in the emission rate over time. These totals align with aircraft top-down estimates from the same time periods. In both basins, the tower network was able to constrain monthly flux estimates within ±20 % uncertainty in the Delaware and ±24 % uncertainty in the Marcellus. The results from this study demonstrate the ability to monitor emissions continuously and detect changes in the emissions field, even in a basin with relatively low emissions and complex background conditions.